Афроазиятски говоры - Revision history

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	[[Category:Афроазиятски говоры\| ]]		[[Category:Афроазиятски говоры\| ]]

	[[af:Afro-Asiatiese tale]]
	[[an:Luengas afro-asiaticas]]
	[[ar:لغات أفروآسيوية]]
	[[bg:Афро-азиатски езици]]
	[[bn:আফ্রো-এশীয় ভাষাসমূহ]]
	[[br:Yezhoù afrez-aziatek]]
	[[bs:Afroazijski jezici]]
	[[ca:Llengües afroasiàtiques]]
	[[cs:Afroasijské jazyky]]
	[[de:Afroasiatische Sprachen]]
	[[el:Αφροασιατικές γλώσσες]]
	[[en:Afro-Asiatic languages]]
	[[eo:Afrikazia lingvaro]]
	[[es:Lenguas afroasiáticas]]
	[[eu:Afroasiar hizkuntzak]]
	[[fa:زبان‌های آفریقایی-آسیایی]]
	[[fi:Afroaasialaiset kielet]]
	[[fr:Langues afro-asiatiques]]
	[[ga:Teangacha Afráiseacha]]
	[[he:שפות אפרו-אסיאתיות]]
	[[hi:सामी-हामी भाषा-परिवार]]
	[[hr:Afroazijski jezici]]
	[[hsb:Afroaziske rěče]]
	[[hu:Afroázsiai nyelvcsalád]]
	[[ia:Linguas afro-asiatic]]
	[[id:Bahasa Afro-Asia]]
	[[ilo:Pagsasao nga Afro-Asiatica]]
	[[it:Lingue afro-asiatiche]]
	[[ja:アフロ・アジア語族]]
	[[kab:Tutlayin tifrusyawiyin]]
	[[ko:아프리카아시아어족]]
	[[ku:Zimanmalbata efrîqa û asyayî]]
	[[lt:Semitų-chamitų kalbos]]
	[[nl:Afro-Aziatische talen]]
	[[nn:Afroasiatiske språk]]
	[[no:Afroasiatiske språk]]
	[[oc:Lengas afroasiaticas]]
	[[pl:Języki afroazjatyckie]]
	[[pt:Línguas afro-asiáticas]]
	[[ru:Афразийские языки]]
	[[sk:Semitsko-hamitské jazyky]]
	[[sl:Afroazijski jeziki]]
	[[sr:Афроазијски језици]]
	[[sv:Afroasiatiska språk]]
	[[ta:ஆபிரிக்க-ஆசிய மொழிகள்]]
	[[uk:Афразійські мови]]
	[[zh:闪含语系]]

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	[[ar:لغات أفروآسيوية]]		[[ar:لغات أفروآسيوية]]
	[[bg:Афро-азиатски езици]]		[[bg:Афро-азиатски езици]]
			[[bn:আফ্রো-এশীয় ভাষাসমূহ]]
	[[br:Yezhoù afrez-aziatek]]		[[br:Yezhoù afrez-aziatek]]
	[[bs:Afroazijski jezici]]		[[bs:Afroazijski jezici]]

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	[[it:Lingue afro-asiatiche]]		[[it:Lingue afro-asiatiche]]
	[[ja:アフロ・アジア語族]]		[[ja:アフロ・アジア語族]]
			[[kab:Tutlayin tifrusyawiyin]]
	[[ko:아프리카아시아어족]]		[[ko:아프리카아시아어족]]
	[[ku:Zimanmalbata efrîqa û asyayî]]		[[ku:Zimanmalbata efrîqa û asyayî]]

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	[[sv:Afroasiatiska språk]]		[[sv:Afroasiatiska språk]]
	[[ta:ஆபிரிக்க-ஆசிய மொழிகள்]]		[[ta:ஆபிரிக்க-ஆசிய மொழிகள்]]
			[[uk:Афразійські мови]]
	[[zh:闪含语系]]		[[zh:闪含语系]]

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	[[ja:アフロ・アジア語族]]		[[ja:アフロ・アジア語族]]
	[[ko:아프리카아시아어족]]		[[ko:아프리카아시아어족]]
			[[ku:Zimanmalbata efrîqa û asyayî]]
	[[lt:Semitų-chamitų kalbos]]		[[lt:Semitų-chamitų kalbos]]
	[[nl:Afro-Aziatische talen]]		[[nl:Afro-Aziatische talen]]

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	[[hi:सामी-हामी भाषा-परिवार]]		[[hi:सामी-हामी भाषा-परिवार]]
	[[hr:Afroazijski jezici]]		[[hr:Afroazijski jezici]]
			[[hsb:Afroaziske rěče]]
	[[hu:Afroázsiai nyelvcsalád]]		[[hu:Afroázsiai nyelvcsalád]]
	[[ia:Linguas afro-asiatic]]		[[ia:Linguas afro-asiatic]]

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	[[af:Afro-Asiatiese tale]]		[[af:Afro-Asiatiese tale]]
		⚫	[[an:Luengas afro-asiaticas]]
	[[ar:لغات أفروآسيوية]]		[[ar:لغات أفروآسيوية]]
⚫	[[an:Luengas afro-asiaticas]]
⚫	[[bs:Afroazijski jezici]]
⚫	[[br:Yezhoù afrez-aziatek]]
	[[bg:Афро-азиатски езици]]		[[bg:Афро-азиатски езици]]
		⚫	[[br:Yezhoù afrez-aziatek]]
		⚫	[[bs:Afroazijski jezici]]
	[[ca:Llengües afroasiàtiques]]		[[ca:Llengües afroasiàtiques]]
	[[cs:Afroasijské jazyky]]		[[cs:Afroasijské jazyky]]
	[[de:Afroasiatische Sprachen]]		[[de:Afroasiatische Sprachen]]
	[[el:Αφροασιατικές γλώσσες]]		[[el:Αφροασιατικές γλώσσες]]
		⚫	[[en:Afro-Asiatic languages]]
⚫	[[es:Lenguas afroasiáticas]]
	[[eo:Afrikazia lingvaro]]		[[eo:Afrikazia lingvaro]]
		⚫	[[es:Lenguas afroasiáticas]]
⚫	[[en: Afro-Asiatic languages]]
	[[eu:Afroasiar hizkuntzak]]		[[eu:Afroasiar hizkuntzak]]
	[[fa:زبان‌های آفریقایی-آسیایی]]		[[fa:زبان‌های آفریقایی-آسیایی]]
		⚫	[[fi:Afroaasialaiset kielet]]
	[[fr:Langues afro-asiatiques]]		[[fr:Langues afro-asiatiques]]
	[[ga:Teangacha Afráiseacha]]		[[ga:Teangacha Afráiseacha]]
		⚫	[[he:שפות אפרו-אסיאתיות]]
⚫	[[ko:아프리카아시아어족]]
	[[hi:सामी-हामी भाषा-परिवार]]		[[hi:सामी-हामी भाषा-परिवार]]
	[[hr:Afroazijski jezici]]		[[hr:Afroazijski jezici]]
		⚫	[[hu:Afroázsiai nyelvcsalád]]
⚫	[[ilo:Pagsasao nga Afro-Asiatica]]
⚫	[[id:Bahasa Afro-Asia]]
	[[ia:Linguas afro-asiatic]]		[[ia:Linguas afro-asiatic]]
		⚫	[[id:Bahasa Afro-Asia]]
		⚫	[[ilo:Pagsasao nga Afro-Asiatica]]
	[[it:Lingue afro-asiatiche]]		[[it:Lingue afro-asiatiche]]
		⚫	[[ja:アフロ・アジア語族]]
⚫	[[he:שפות אפרו-אסיאתיות]]
		⚫	[[ko:아프리카아시아어족]]
	[[ka:კატეგორია:ქუშიტური ენები]]
	[[lt:Semitų-chamitų kalbos]]		[[lt:Semitų-chamitų kalbos]]
⚫	[[hu:Afroázsiai nyelvcsalád]]
	[[nl:Afro-Aziatische talen]]		[[nl:Afro-Aziatische talen]]
⚫	[[ja:アフロ・アジア語族]]
⚫	[[no:Afroasiatiske språk]]
	[[nn:Afroasiatiske språk]]		[[nn:Afroasiatiske språk]]
		⚫	[[no:Afroasiatiske språk]]
	[[oc:Lengas afroasiaticas]]		[[oc:Lengas afroasiaticas]]
	[[pl:Języki afroazjatyckie]]		[[pl:Języki afroazjatyckie]]
	[[pt:Línguas afro-asiáticas]]		[[pt:Línguas afro-asiáticas]]
			[[ru:Афразийские языки]]
	[[sk:Semitsko-hamitské jazyky]]		[[sk:Semitsko-hamitské jazyky]]
	[[sl:Afroazijski jeziki]]		[[sl:Afroazijski jeziki]]
	[[sr:Афроазијски језици]]		[[sr:Афроазијски језици]]
⚫	[[fi:Afroaasialaiset kielet]]
	[[sv:Afroasiatiska språk]]		[[sv:Afroasiatiska språk]]
	[[ta:ஆபிரிக்க-ஆசிய மொழிகள்]]		[[ta:ஆபிரிக்க-ஆசிய மொழிகள்]]

YaroslavZolotaryov at 04:57, 14 Сечня 2007

2007-01-14T04:57:42Z

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	В семитских, берберских, кушытских и чадских говорах есь имательны послеставки званесловов.		В семитских, берберских, кушытских и чадских говорах есь имательны послеставки званесловов.

	==Classification history==
	Medieval scholars sometimes linked two or more branches of Afro-Asiatic together; as early as the [[9th century]] the Hebrew grammarian [[Judah ibn Quraysh]] of [[Tiaret]] in [[Algeria]] perceived a relationship between Berber and Semitic (the latter group known to him through Arabic, Hebrew, and Aramaic).

			[[Category:Афроазиятски говоры\| ]]
	In the course of the 19th century Europeans also began suggesting such relationships; thus in [[1844]] [[Theodor Benfey\|Th. Benfey]] suggested a language family containing Semitic, Berber, and Cushitic (calling the latter "Ethiopic"). In the same year, T. N. Newman suggested a relationship between Semitic and Hausa, but this would long remain a topic of dispute and uncertainty. [[Friedrich Müller (linguist)\|Friedrich Müller]] named the traditional "Hamito-Semitic" family in [[1876]] in his ''Grundriss der Sprachwissenschaft'', and defined it as consisting of a Semitic group plus a "Hamitic" group containing Egyptian, Berber, and Cushitic; he excluded the Chadic group. These classifications relied in part on non-linguistic anthropological and racial arguments. (See also [[Hamitic hypothesis]].)

	[[Leo Reinisch]] (1909) proposed to link Cushitic and Chadic, while urging a more distant affinity with Egyptian and Semitic, thus foreshadowing Greenberg; but his suggestion found little resonance. [[Marcel Cohen]] (1924) rejected the idea of a distinct "Hamitic" subgroup, and included Hausa (a Chadic language) in his comparative Hamito-Semitic vocabulary. [[Joseph Greenberg]] (1950) strongly confirmed Cohen's rejection of "Hamitic", added (and sub-classified) the Chadic languages, and proposed the new name Afro-Asiatic for the family; almost all scholars accepted his classification. In 1969 [[Harold Fleming (scholar)\|Harold Fleming]] proposed the recognition of [[Omotic]] as a fifth branch, rather than (as previously believed) a subgroup of Cushitic, and this has met with general acceptance. Several scholars, including Harold Fleming and [[Robert Hetzron]], have since questioned the traditional inclusion of Beja in Cushitic, but this view has yet to gain general acceptance.

	Little agreement exists on the sub-classification of the five or six branches mentioned; however, [[Christopher Ehret]] (1979), [[Harold Fleming (scholar)\|Harold Fleming]] (1981), and [[Joseph Greenberg]] (1981) all agree that the Omotic branch to split from the rest first. Otherwise:
	*Ehret groups Egyptian, Berber, and Semitic together in a North Afro-Asiatic subgroup;
	*[[Paul Newman (professor)\|Paul Newman]] (1980) groups Berber with Chadic and Egyptian with Semitic, while questioning the inclusion of Omotic;
	*Fleming (1981) divided non-Omotic Afroasiatic, or "Erythraean", into three groups, Cushitic, Semitic, and Chadic-Berber-Egyptian; he later added Semitic and Beja to the latter, and proposed [[Ongota language\|Ongotá]] as a tentative new third branch of Erythraean;
	*[[Lionel Bender]] (1997) advocates a "Macro-Cushitic" consisting of Berber, Cushitic, and Semitic, while regarding Chadic and Omotic as the most remote branches;
	*[[Vladimir Orel]] and [[Olga Stolbova]] (1995) group Berber with Semitic, group Chadic with Egyptian, and split Cushitic into five or more independent branches of Afro-Asiatic, seeing Cushitic as a [[Sprachbund]] rather than a valid family;
	*[[Alexander Militarev]] (2000), on the basis of [[lexicostatistics]], groups Berber with Chadic and both, more distantly, with Semitic, as against Cushitic and Omotic.

	==See also==
	* [[African languages]]

	==Etymological bibliography==
	Some of the main sources for Afro-Asiatic etymologies include:
	* Marcel Cohen, ''Essai comparatif sur la vocabulaire et la phonétique du chamito-sémitique'', Champion, Paris 1947.
	* Igor M. Diakonoff et al., "Historical-Comparative Vocabulary of Afrasian", ''St. Petersburg Journal of African Studies'' Nos. 2-6, 1993-7.
	* Christopher Ehret. ''Reconstructing Proto-Afroasiatic (Proto-Afrasian): Vowels, Tone, Consonants, and Vocabulary'' (''University of California Publications in Linguistics 126''), California, Berkeley 1996.
	* Vladimir E. Orel and Olga V. Stolbova, ''Hamito-Semitic [[Etymological Dictionary]]: Materials for a Reconstruction'', Brill, Leiden 1995. ISBN 90-04-10051-2. [http://www.ilx.nl/blonline/blonlinesearch2.php?ficheid=101010209591]

	==Sources==
	* Bernd Heine and Derek Nurse, ''African Languages,'' Cambridge University Press, 2000 - Chapter 4
	* Merritt Ruhlen, ''A Guide to the World's Languages'', Stanford University Press, Stanford 1991.
	* Lionel Bender et al., ''Selected Comparative-Historical Afro-Asiatic Studies in Memory of Igor M. Diakonoff'', LINCOM 2003.
	* [http://www.ethnologue.com/show_family.asp?subid=89997 Ethnologue]
	* Russell G. Schuh, ''[http://www.linguistics.ucla.edu/people/schuh/Papers/Chadic_overview.pdf Chadic Overview]''.
	* [http://homepage.ntlworld.com/roger_blench/Archaeology%20data/Africa%20language%20history%20text.pdf African Language History] (pdf), [[Roger Blench]]

	==External links==
	*[http://www.nacal.org NACAL] The North American Conference on Afroasiatic Linguistics, now in its 35th year.
	* [http://www.tufs.ac.jp/ts/personal/ratcliffe/comp%20&%20method-Ratcliffe.pdf A comparison of Orel-Stolbova's and Ehret's Afro-Asiatic reconstructions]
	*[http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/306/5702/1680c The Origins of Afroasiatic] by Paul Newman (Requires Science Magazine subscription)
	* [http://community.livejournal.com/terra_linguarum/95880.html Afro-Asiatic and Semitic genealogical trees], presented by [[Alexander Militarev]] at his talk “Genealogical classification of Afro-Asiatic languages according to the latest data” (at the conference on the 70th anniversary of [[V.M. Illich-Svitych]], Moscow, 2004; [http://community.livejournal.com/terra_linguarum/95627.html short annotations of the talks given there]{{ru icon}})
	* [http://www.ethnologue.com/show_family.asp?subid=89997 family tree at ethnologue.com]

	[[Category:Afro-Asiatic languages\| ]]

	[[af:Afro-Asiatiese tale]]		[[af:Afro-Asiatiese tale]]

YaroslavZolotaryov: /* Особливоси */

2007-01-14T04:56:27Z

Особливоси

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	* в говорогороде новы колыби получаютса нутренними ментовками купно с приставками и послеставками.		* в говорогороде новы колыби получаютса нутренними ментовками купно с приставками и послеставками.

			Деессловной уряд имат приставочно спряженне:
	Some cognates include:
	''b-n-'' "build" (Ehret: ''bĭn''), attested in Chadic, Semitic (''bny''), Cushitic (''mĭn''/*''măn'' "house") and Omotic (Dime ''bin-'' "build, create");
	''m-t'' "die" (Ehret: ''maaw''), attested in Chadic (for example, Hausa ''mutu''), Egyptian (''mwt'' ''muwt'', ''mt'', Coptic ''mu''), Berber (''mmet'', pr. ''yemmut''), Semitic (''mwt''), and Cushitic (Proto-Somali ''umaaw''/''-am-w(t)-'' "die"). (Also similar to the [[Proto-Indo-European language\|PIE]] base ''*mor-/mr-''. "die", evidence in favor of both the Afro-Asiatic and Indo-European language families' classification in the hypothetical [[Nostratic]] superfamily.)
	*''s-n'' "know", attested in Chadic, Berber, and Egyptian;
	''l-s'' "tongue" (Ehret: ''lis' '' "to lick"), attested in Semitic (''lasaan/lisaan''), Egyptian (''ns'' ''ls'', Coptic ''las''), Berber (''ils''), Chadic (for example, Hausa ''harshe''), and possibly Omotic (Dime ''lits'-'' "lick");
	''s-m'' "name" (Ehret: ''sŭm'' / ''sĭm''), attested in Semitic (''sm''), Berber (''ism''), Chadic (for example, Hausa ''suna''), Cushitic, and Omotic (though some see the Berber form, ''ism'', and the Omotic form, ''sunts'', as Semitic [[loanword]]s.) The Egyptian ''smi'' "report, announce" offers another possible cognate.
	* ''d-m'' "blood" (Ehret: ''dîm'' / ''dâm''), attested in Berber (''idammen''), Semitic (''dam''), Chadic, and arguably Omotic. Compare Cushitic ''dîm''/*''dâm'', "red".

	In the verbal system, Semitic, Berber, and Cushitic (including Beja) all provide evidence for a prefix conjugation:
	{\|		{\|
	\|-		\|-
			\| Сибирской\|\| Арабской (Семитской) \|\| Кабильской (Берберской)
	\| English \|\| Arabic (Semitic) \|\| Kabyle (Berber)
			\| Сахо (Кушытской) \|\| Беджа
	\| Saho (Cushitic; verb is "kill") \|\| Beja (verb is "arrive")
	\|-		\|-
	\| ~~he dies~~ \|\| ''yamuutu'' \|\| ''yemmut''		\| вон задыхат\|\| ''yamuutu'' \|\| ''yemmut''
	\| ''yagdifé'' \|\| ''iktim''		\| ''yagdifé'' \|\| ''iktim''
	\|-		\|-
	\| ~~she dies~~ \|\| ''tamuutu'' \|\| ''temmut''		\| вона задыхат\|\| ''tamuutu'' \|\| ''temmut''
	\| ''yagdifé'' \|\| ''tiktim''		\| ''yagdifé'' \|\| ''tiktim''
	\|-		\|-
	\| ~~they~~ (m.) ~~die~~ \|\| ''yamuutuuna'' \|\| ''mmuten''		\| вони (м) задыхают \|\| ''yamuutuuna'' \|\| ''mmuten''
	\| ''yagdifín'' \|\| ''iktimna''		\| ''yagdifín'' \|\| ''iktimna''
	\|-		\|-
	\| ~~you~~ (~~m. sg.~~) ~~die~~ \|\| ''tamuutu'' \|\| ''temmuteḍ''		\| ты (м) задыхаш\|\| ''tamuutu'' \|\| ''temmuteḍ''
	\| ''tagdifé'' \|\| ''tiktima''		\| ''tagdifé'' \|\| ''tiktima''
	\|-		\|-
	\| ~~you~~ (~~m. pl.~~) ~~die~~ \|\| ''tamuutuuna'' \|\| ''temmutem''		\| вы (м) задыхате\|\| ''tamuutuuna'' \|\| ''temmutem''
	\| ''tagdifín'' \|\| ''tiktimna''		\| ''tagdifín'' \|\| ''tiktimna''
	\|-		\|-
	\| ~~I die~~ \|\| ''ˀamuutu'' \|\| ''mmuteγ''		\| я задыхаю\|\| ''ˀamuutu'' \|\| ''mmuteγ''
	\| ''agdifé'' \|\| ''aktim''		\| ''agdifé'' \|\| ''aktim''
	\|-		\|-
	\| we ~~die~~ \|\| ''namuutu'' \|\| ''nemmut'' \|\| ''nagdifé'' \|\| ''niktim''		\| мы задыхам \|\| ''namuutu'' \|\| ''nemmut'' \|\| ''nagdifé'' \|\| ''niktim''
	\|}		\|}

			Во всех афроазиятских говорах есь кавузативна послеставка "с", ан схожа есь и в некоторых дружных вьюхах, наприклад [[нигерконговски говоры]].
	All Afro-Asiatic subfamilies show evidence of a causative affix ''s'', but a similar suffix also appears in other groups, such as the [[Niger-Congo languages]].

			В семитских, берберских, кушытских и чадских говорах есь имательны послеставки званесловов.
	Semitic, Berber, Cushitic (including Beja), and Chadic support [[possessive pronoun]] suffixes.

	==Classification history==		==Classification history==

YaroslavZolotaryov at 04:21, 14 Сечня 2007

2007-01-14T04:21:02Z

@@ Line 13: / Line 13: @@
 }}
-* [[Chadic languages]]
+* [[Чадски говоры]]
-* [[Omotic languages]]
+* [[Омотски говоры]]
 Some cognates include:

← Older revision		Revision as of 04:56, 14 Сечня 2007
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	* в говорогороде новы колыби получаютса нутренними ментовками купно с приставками и послеставками.		* в говорогороде новы колыби получаютса нутренними ментовками купно с приставками и послеставками.

			Деессловной уряд имат приставочно спряженне:
	Some cognates include:
	''b-n-'' "build" (Ehret: ''bĭn''), attested in Chadic, Semitic (''bny''), Cushitic (''mĭn''/*''măn'' "house") and Omotic (Dime ''bin-'' "build, create");
	''m-t'' "die" (Ehret: ''maaw''), attested in Chadic (for example, Hausa ''mutu''), Egyptian (''mwt'' ''muwt'', ''mt'', Coptic ''mu''), Berber (''mmet'', pr. ''yemmut''), Semitic (''mwt''), and Cushitic (Proto-Somali ''umaaw''/''-am-w(t)-'' "die"). (Also similar to the [[Proto-Indo-European language\|PIE]] base ''*mor-/mr-''. "die", evidence in favor of both the Afro-Asiatic and Indo-European language families' classification in the hypothetical [[Nostratic]] superfamily.)
	*''s-n'' "know", attested in Chadic, Berber, and Egyptian;
	''l-s'' "tongue" (Ehret: ''lis' '' "to lick"), attested in Semitic (''lasaan/lisaan''), Egyptian (''ns'' ''ls'', Coptic ''las''), Berber (''ils''), Chadic (for example, Hausa ''harshe''), and possibly Omotic (Dime ''lits'-'' "lick");
	''s-m'' "name" (Ehret: ''sŭm'' / ''sĭm''), attested in Semitic (''sm''), Berber (''ism''), Chadic (for example, Hausa ''suna''), Cushitic, and Omotic (though some see the Berber form, ''ism'', and the Omotic form, ''sunts'', as Semitic [[loanword]]s.) The Egyptian ''smi'' "report, announce" offers another possible cognate.
	* ''d-m'' "blood" (Ehret: ''dîm'' / ''dâm''), attested in Berber (''idammen''), Semitic (''dam''), Chadic, and arguably Omotic. Compare Cushitic ''dîm''/*''dâm'', "red".

	In the verbal system, Semitic, Berber, and Cushitic (including Beja) all provide evidence for a prefix conjugation:
	{\|		{\|
	\|-		\|-
			\| Сибирской\|\| Арабской (Семитской) \|\| Кабильской (Берберской)
	\| English \|\| Arabic (Semitic) \|\| Kabyle (Berber)
			\| Сахо (Кушытской) \|\| Беджа
	\| Saho (Cushitic; verb is "kill") \|\| Beja (verb is "arrive")
	\|-		\|-
	\| ~~he dies~~ \|\| ''yamuutu'' \|\| ''yemmut''		\| вон задыхат\|\| ''yamuutu'' \|\| ''yemmut''
	\| ''yagdifé'' \|\| ''iktim''		\| ''yagdifé'' \|\| ''iktim''
	\|-		\|-
	\| ~~she dies~~ \|\| ''tamuutu'' \|\| ''temmut''		\| вона задыхат\|\| ''tamuutu'' \|\| ''temmut''
	\| ''yagdifé'' \|\| ''tiktim''		\| ''yagdifé'' \|\| ''tiktim''
	\|-		\|-
	\| ~~they~~ (m.) ~~die~~ \|\| ''yamuutuuna'' \|\| ''mmuten''		\| вони (м) задыхают \|\| ''yamuutuuna'' \|\| ''mmuten''
	\| ''yagdifín'' \|\| ''iktimna''		\| ''yagdifín'' \|\| ''iktimna''
	\|-		\|-
	\| ~~you~~ (~~m. sg.~~) ~~die~~ \|\| ''tamuutu'' \|\| ''temmuteḍ''		\| ты (м) задыхаш\|\| ''tamuutu'' \|\| ''temmuteḍ''
	\| ''tagdifé'' \|\| ''tiktima''		\| ''tagdifé'' \|\| ''tiktima''
	\|-		\|-
	\| ~~you~~ (~~m. pl.~~) ~~die~~ \|\| ''tamuutuuna'' \|\| ''temmutem''		\| вы (м) задыхате\|\| ''tamuutuuna'' \|\| ''temmutem''
	\| ''tagdifín'' \|\| ''tiktimna''		\| ''tagdifín'' \|\| ''tiktimna''
	\|-		\|-
	\| ~~I die~~ \|\| ''ˀamuutu'' \|\| ''mmuteγ''		\| я задыхаю\|\| ''ˀamuutu'' \|\| ''mmuteγ''
	\| ''agdifé'' \|\| ''aktim''		\| ''agdifé'' \|\| ''aktim''
	\|-		\|-
	\| we ~~die~~ \|\| ''namuutu'' \|\| ''nemmut'' \|\| ''nagdifé'' \|\| ''niktim''		\| мы задыхам \|\| ''namuutu'' \|\| ''nemmut'' \|\| ''nagdifé'' \|\| ''niktim''
	\|}		\|}

			Во всех афроазиятских говорах есь кавузативна послеставка "с", ан схожа есь и в некоторых дружных вьюхах, наприклад [[нигерконговски говоры]].
	All Afro-Asiatic subfamilies show evidence of a causative affix ''s'', but a similar suffix also appears in other groups, such as the [[Niger-Congo languages]].

			В семитских, берберских, кушытских и чадских говорах есь имательны послеставки званесловов.
	Semitic, Berber, Cushitic (including Beja), and Chadic support [[possessive pronoun]] suffixes.

	==Classification history==		==Classification history==