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'''Афроазиятски говоры''' супоют [[говорна семьина |говорну семьину]], в каку вхоют 375 говоров и боле чем 300 мильонов говорильников по всьой Полночной Африке, и по Восходной Африке, и по Полуденно-глубничной Азие (посередь их 200 мильонов говорильников на [[Арабской говор|арабским говоре]]). |
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The '''Afro-Asiatic languages''' constitute a [[language family]] with about 375 languages ([[SIL_International|SIL]] estimate) and more than 300 million speakers spread throughout [[North Africa]], [[East Africa]], the [[Sahel]], and [[Southwest Asia]] (including some 200 million speakers of [[Arabic language|Arabic]]). Other names sometimes given to this family include "Afrasian", "Hamito-Semitic" (French and European scholars), "Lisramic" (Hodge 1972), "Erythraean" (Tucker 1966). |
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Ета семьина включат таки подсемьины: |
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The family includes the following language subfamilies: |
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* [[Берберски говоры]] |
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* [[Berber languages]] |
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* [[ |
* [[Чадски говоры]] |
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* [[Египетской говор]] |
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* [[Egyptian language]]s |
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* [[Семитски говоры]] |
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* [[Semitic languages]] |
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* [[Кушитски говоры]] |
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* [[Cushitic languages]] |
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* [[Беджайской говор]] |
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* [[Beja language]] (subclassification controversial; widely classified as part of Cushitic) |
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* [[ |
* [[Омотски говоры]] |
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Many people regard the [[Ongota language|Ongota]] language as Omotic, but its classification within the family remains controversial, partly for lack of data. [[Harold Fleming (scholar)|Harold Fleming]] tentatively suggests treating it as an independent branch of non-Omotic Afro-Asiatic.[http://www.jstor.org/view/00113204/dm991524/99p0046v/0] |
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==Особливоси== |
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== Original homeland == |
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Обнакновенны крапицы афроазиятский говоров таки: |
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* два рода в водинсвенном числе, а бабской род тамговатса зыком /t/ |
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No agreement exists on where [[Proto-Afro-Asiatic]] speakers lived, though the language is generally believed to have originated in Northeast Africa[http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/citation/306/5702/1680c][http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0011-3204%28199802%2939%3A1%3C139%3ATALPAI%3E2.0.CO%3B2-J&size=LARGE]. Some scholars (such as [[Igor Diakonoff]] and [[Lionel Bender]], for example) have proposed [[Ethiopia]], because it includes the majority of the diversity of the Afro-Asiatic language family and has very diverse groups in close geographic proximity, often considered a tell-tale sign for a linguistic geographic origin. Other researchers (such as [[Christopher Ehret]], for example) have put forward the western [[Red Sea]] coast and the [[Sahara]]. A minority, such as [[Alexander Militarev]] suggest a linguistic homeland in the [[Levant]] (specifically, he identifies Afro-Asiatic with the [[Natufian culture]]), with Semitic being the only branch to stay put.[http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/306/5702/1680c] |
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* [[Дееслово Суббехт Оббехт|VSO]] - типологгя, |
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* арава [[емфатически соголосны| емфатических соголосных]], обнакновенно глоттализованных, фарингализовнных, али имплозивных |
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The [[Semitic language]]s form the only Afro-Asiatic subfamily extant outside of Africa. Some scholars believe that, in historical or near-historical times, Semitic speakers crossed from South Arabia back into Ethiopia and Eritrea, while others, such as A. Murtonen, dispute this view, suggesting that the Semitic branch may have originated in [[Ethiopia]]. |
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* в говорогороде новы колыби получаютса нутренними ментовками купно с приставками и послеставками. |
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[[Tonal language]]s appear in the Omotic, Chadic, and South and East Cushitic branches of Afro-Asiatic, according to Ehret (1996). The Semitic, Berber, and Egyptian branches do not use tones [[phoneme|phonemically]]. |
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==Common features and cognates== |
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Common features of the Afro-Asiatic languages include: |
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* a two-[[grammatical gender|gender]] system in the singular, with the feminine marked by the /t/ sound, |
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* [[Verb Subject Object|VSO]] [[linguistic typology|typology]] with [[Subject Verb Object|SVO]] tendencies, |
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* a set of [[emphatic consonant]]s, variously realized as glottalized, pharyngealized, or implosive, and |
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* a templatic [[morphology (linguistics)|morphology]] in which words inflect by internal changes as well as with prefixes and suffixes. |
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Some cognates include: |
Some cognates include: |
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