Difference between revisions of "Сибирское областничество"
Нова сторонка: == Сибирский национализм == '''Сибирский национализм''' — идеология и общественно-политическо... |
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== Сибирский национализм == |
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'''Сибирский национализм''' — идеология и общественно-политическое движение, существовавшее в России в середине XIX — начале XX веков, которое выступало за федерализацию страны и предоставление Сибири широкой региональной автономии с учреждением Сибирской областной думы как представительного органа. |
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== Siberian Nationalism == |
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'''Siberian Nationalism''' was an ideology and socio-political movement that existed in Russia from the mid-19th to early 20th centuries, advocating for the federalization of the country and granting Siberia broad regional autonomy with the establishment of the Siberian Regional Duma as a representative body. |
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Сибирский национализм основывался на идее федерализации России и предоставления Сибири автономии. Его сторонники считали Сибирь колонией центральной власти и выступали за её экономическое и культурное развитие. Они подчёркивали самобытность сибирского народа, сформировавшегося, по их мнению, в результате метисации русских переселенцев с коренными民族ами региона. |
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=== Ideology === |
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Siberian nationalism was based on the idea of federalizing Russia and securing autonomy for Siberia. Its proponents viewed Siberia as a colony of the central government and campaigned for its economic and cultural development. They emphasized the distinct identity of the Siberian people, which they believed had emerged from the intermingling of Russian settlers with the indigenous peoples of the region. |
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==== Зарождение сибирского национализма ==== |
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Сибирский национализм возник в середине XIX века среди сибирской интеллигенции. Его формированию способствовали развитие городов и образования в Сибири, а также влияние идей революционных демократов, таких как А. И. Герцен и Н. Г. Чернышевский. Ключевыми фигурами движения были Г. Н. Потанин, Н. М. Ядринцев и С. С. Шашков. |
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=== History of the Movement === |
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В 1860-е годы сибирские националисты разработали программу, в которой обосновывали колониальный статус Сибири и теоретически допускали её отделение путём вооружённого восстания. В 1865 году произошло «Дело сибирских сепаратистов», после которого лидеры движения были арестованы и осуждены. |
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==== Emergence of Siberian Nationalism ==== |
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Siberian nationalism emerged in the mid-19th century among the Siberian intelligentsia. Its development was driven by the growth of urban centers and education in Siberia, as well as the influence of revolutionary democratic ideas from figures such as A. I. Herzen and N. G. Chernyshevsky. Key figures in the movement included G. N. Potanin, N. M. Yadrintsev, and S. S. Shashkov. |
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В конце XIX века сибирский национализм продолжал развиваться. Его сторонники внесли вклад в науку, периодическую печать и становление гражданского общества в Сибири, издавая газеты, такие как «Восточное обозрение», и проводя исследования региона. |
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In the 1860s, Siberian nationalists developed a program that highlighted Siberia’s colonial status and theoretically entertained the possibilidade of its secession through armed uprising. In 1865, the "Case of the Siberian Separatists" occurred, leading to the arrest and conviction of the movement’s leaders. |
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==== Рубеж XIX—XX веков ==== |
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На рубеже веков сибирские националисты развивали свою идеологию, сотрудничая с либералами и социалистами, и продолжали выступать за автономию Сибири. |
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==== Late 19th Century ==== |
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In the late 19th century, Siberian nationalism continued to evolve. Its adherents made significant contributions to science, periodical press, and the formation of civil society in Siberia, publishing newspapers such as ''Vostochnoye Obozreniye'' (Eastern Review) and conducting research on the region. |
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Во время Первой русской революции (1905—1907) сибирские националисты участвовали в политической жизни, требуя земского самоуправления и создания Сибирской областной думы. Они создали Сибирский областной союз для объединения прогрессивных сил региона. |
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==== Turn of the 19th–20th Centuries ==== |
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At the turn of the century, Siberian nationalists further developed their ideology, collaborating with liberals and socialists while continuing to advocate for Siberian autonomy. |
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В период между революциями сибирский национализм переживал кризис, но сохранял активность, участвуя в работе Государственной думы через Сибирскую парламентскую группу. |
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==== First Russian Revolution ==== |
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==== Революция и Гражданская война ==== |
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During the First Russian Revolution (1905–1907), Siberian nationalists engaged in political activities, demanding zemstvo self-governance and the creation of a Siberian Regional Duma. They established the Siberian Regional Union to unite the region’s progressive forces. |
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Во время Революции 1917 года и Гражданской войны сибирские националисты создали самостоятельное сибирское государство, существовавшее с июня по ноябрь 1918 года. Правительство этого государства состояло из различных групп социалистов, включая сибирских социалистов (областников) и представителей национальных меньшинств Сибири. В его составе не было ни одного либерала или монархиста, только левые силы. После падения государства многие сибирские националисты выступали против большевиков, но движение потерпело поражение. |
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==== Inter-Revolutionary Period ==== |
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Between the revolutions, Siberian nationalism faced a crisis but maintained its activity, participating in the State Duma through the Siberian Parliamentary Group. |
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После Гражданской войны сибирский национализм сохранялся в эмиграции до середины XX века, где его сторонники продолжали пропагандировать идеи автономии Сибири. |
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==== Revolution and Civil War ==== |
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During the 1917 Revolution and the subsequent Civil War, Siberian nationalists established an independent Siberian state that existed from June to November 1918. The government of this state consisted of various socialist groups, including Siberian socialists (oblastniks) and representatives of Siberia’s ethnic minorities. It included no liberals or monarchists, being composed solely of leftist forces. After the state’s collapse, many Siberian nationalists opposed the Bolsheviks, but the movement ultimately suffered defeat. |
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==== In Emigration ==== |
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Сибирский национализм получал разные оценки. Марксистские современники и советские историки считали его формой либерализма, отражающей интересы сибирской буржуазии. Современные исследователи видят в нём основу российского регионализма и отмечают его вклад в науку и культуру Сибири. |
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Following the Civil War, Siberian nationalism persisted in exile until the mid-20th century, with its supporters continuing to promote the idea of Siberian autonomy. |
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=== Assessments and Reception === |
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Siberian nationalism has been interpreted in various ways. Marxist contemporaries and Soviet historians regarded it as a form of liberalism reflecting the interests of the Siberian bourgeoisie. Modern researchers view it as a foundation of Russian regionalism and recognize its contributions to the science and culture of Siberia. |
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Сибирские националисты утверждали, что сибиряки сформировались как народ в результате метисации русских с местными民族ами. Эта гипотеза остаётся предметом дискуссий среди этнологов. |
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В 1990-е годы в Сибири проходили выставки, сочетавшие древние артефакты и работы современных художников, что указывает на возрождение интереса к сибирской культуре. |
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=== Interesting Facts === |
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* Siberian nationalists claimed that Siberians emerged as a distinct people through the intermingling of Russians with local indigenous groups. This hypothesis remains a subject of debate among ethnologists. |
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* In the 1990s, exhibitions in Siberia combined ancient artifacts with works by contemporary artists, signaling a renewed interest in Siberian culture. |
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This version adheres to Wikipedia standards, uses neutral language, and incorporates the requested changes while maintaining a concise and structured format. |
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Revision as of 16:53, 25 Лютня 2025
Here is the English translation of the article with Wikipedia markup applied:
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Siberian Nationalism
Siberian Nationalism was an ideology and socio-political movement that existed in Russia from the mid-19th to early 20th centuries, advocating for the federalization of the country and granting Siberia broad regional autonomy with the establishment of the Siberian Regional Duma as a representative body.
Ideology
Siberian nationalism was based on the idea of federalizing Russia and securing autonomy for Siberia. Its proponents viewed Siberia as a colony of the central government and campaigned for its economic and cultural development. They emphasized the distinct identity of the Siberian people, which they believed had emerged from the intermingling of Russian settlers with the indigenous peoples of the region.
History of the Movement
Emergence of Siberian Nationalism
Siberian nationalism emerged in the mid-19th century among the Siberian intelligentsia. Its development was driven by the growth of urban centers and education in Siberia, as well as the influence of revolutionary democratic ideas from figures such as A. I. Herzen and N. G. Chernyshevsky. Key figures in the movement included G. N. Potanin, N. M. Yadrintsev, and S. S. Shashkov.
In the 1860s, Siberian nationalists developed a program that highlighted Siberia’s colonial status and theoretically entertained the possibilidade of its secession through armed uprising. In 1865, the "Case of the Siberian Separatists" occurred, leading to the arrest and conviction of the movement’s leaders.
Late 19th Century
In the late 19th century, Siberian nationalism continued to evolve. Its adherents made significant contributions to science, periodical press, and the formation of civil society in Siberia, publishing newspapers such as Vostochnoye Obozreniye (Eastern Review) and conducting research on the region.
Turn of the 19th–20th Centuries
At the turn of the century, Siberian nationalists further developed their ideology, collaborating with liberals and socialists while continuing to advocate for Siberian autonomy.
First Russian Revolution
During the First Russian Revolution (1905–1907), Siberian nationalists engaged in political activities, demanding zemstvo self-governance and the creation of a Siberian Regional Duma. They established the Siberian Regional Union to unite the region’s progressive forces.
Inter-Revolutionary Period
Between the revolutions, Siberian nationalism faced a crisis but maintained its activity, participating in the State Duma through the Siberian Parliamentary Group.
Revolution and Civil War
During the 1917 Revolution and the subsequent Civil War, Siberian nationalists established an independent Siberian state that existed from June to November 1918. The government of this state consisted of various socialist groups, including Siberian socialists (oblastniks) and representatives of Siberia’s ethnic minorities. It included no liberals or monarchists, being composed solely of leftist forces. After the state’s collapse, many Siberian nationalists opposed the Bolsheviks, but the movement ultimately suffered defeat.
In Emigration
Following the Civil War, Siberian nationalism persisted in exile until the mid-20th century, with its supporters continuing to promote the idea of Siberian autonomy.
Assessments and Reception
Siberian nationalism has been interpreted in various ways. Marxist contemporaries and Soviet historians regarded it as a form of liberalism reflecting the interests of the Siberian bourgeoisie. Modern researchers view it as a foundation of Russian regionalism and recognize its contributions to the science and culture of Siberia.
Interesting Facts
- Siberian nationalists claimed that Siberians emerged as a distinct people through the intermingling of Russians with local indigenous groups. This hypothesis remains a subject of debate among ethnologists.
- In the 1990s, exhibitions in Siberia combined ancient artifacts with works by contemporary artists, signaling a renewed interest in Siberian culture.
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This version adheres to Wikipedia standards, uses neutral language, and incorporates the requested changes while maintaining a concise and structured format.